IB CHEMISTRY

HL Only

2.2.11 Resonance

Delocalization of electrons.

Delocalization

Occurs when there is more than one possible position for a double bond. The electrons are not fixed (localized) between two atoms but are shared (delocalized) over three or more atoms.

Ozone (O₃)

Bond Order: 1.5

Carbonate (CO₃²⁻)

Bond Order: 1.33