HL Only
2.2.11 Resonance
Delocalization of electrons.
Delocalization
Occurs when there is more than one possible position for a double bond. The electrons are not fixed (localized) between two atoms but are shared (delocalized) over three or more atoms.
Ozone (O₃)
Bond Order: 1.5
Carbonate (CO₃²⁻)
Bond Order: 1.33