Structure 3.2
Functional Groups
Classification, Nomenclature, Isomerism, and Analytical Spectroscopy.
Examiner's Note: This is a massive topic. It is the glossary for all future Organic Chemistry. You must be fluent in naming, drawing, and identifying these structures to succeed in Reactivity 3.
Fundamentals: The Language of Carbon
3.2.1 Types of Formulas
Empirical, Molecular, Structural, Skeletal.
3.2.2 Functional Groups
Classifying compounds by their reactive center.
3.2.3 Homologous Series
Families of compounds and their general formulas.
3.2.4 Physical Trends
Boiling points, solubility, and London forces.
3.2.5 IUPAC Nomenclature
The systematic rules for naming organic molecules.
Isomerism: The Architecture
Analytical Spectroscopy
3.2.8 Mass Spec (MS)
Fragmentation patterns and molar mass.
3.2.9 Infrared (IR)
Identifying functional group bonds.
3.2.10 Proton NMR
Chemical environments and shift.
3.2.11 Splitting Patterns
Interpreting singlets, doublets, and triplets.
3.2.12 Structural Analysis
The Triangulation Method: Putting it all together.