Structure 3.2.10
Proton NMR: The Basics
Analyzing the magnetic resonance of Hydrogen nuclei to determine the skeleton of the molecule.
1. Number of Signals
Each signal represents a unique Chemical Environment. Protons in equivalent positions (symmetry) show up as the same signal.
Ethanol ()
3 Signals: , ,
Propane ()
2 Signals: The two groups are symmetrical (equivalent).
2. Integration Traces
The area under the peak (integration) is proportional to the number of protons in that environment.
A ratio of 3:2 suggests an Ethyl Group ().