2.4.3 Alloys
Enhancing strength by disrupting the lattice structure.
What is an Alloy?
An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of a metal with other metals or non-metals. They are created to enhance properties like strength, hardness, or corrosion resistance.
The "Disrupted Lattice" Mechanism
Pure Metal
Atoms are identical in size and arranged in regular layers. These layers can easily slide over each other when a force is applied (making it malleable/ductile).
Alloy
The introduction of an element with a different atomic radius disrupts the regular arrangement. The layers become "keyed" or locked together, making it much harder for them to slide.
Common Examples
Steel
Iron + Carbon
Small Carbon atoms fit in interstitial spaces, locking the Fe lattice. High tensile strength.
Brass
Copper + Zinc
Substitutional alloy. Corrosion resistant. Used in instruments.
Bronze
Copper + Tin
Harder than pure copper (used in historic weaponry/tools).